Plate Tectonics
Section 1-Inside the Earth
crust-"The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle" earth science book page 191
mantle-" The layer of rock between th earths crust and core."earth science book page 191
- The mantle is much thicker than the crust and has most of the Earths mass.
-People learn about the mantle by studying the effects it has on the Earths surface. It allows scientists to study it directly
-They mostly learn about the mantle from the ocean floor.
core- the main part of Earth right below the mantle
- The core is a layer of the earth that extends from below the center of the earth.
-Many scientists think the core is made mostly of iron.
-The core takes up roughly one third of the Earths mass.
-The Earth is divided into 5 layers-lithosphere,asthenosphere,mesosphere,outer core, and inner core.
lithosphere- This is made up of two parts-the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The pieces are called tectonics plates.
asthenosphere- The plastic layer of the mantle where pieces of the lithosphere move. This part of the earth is solid rock that moves VERY slowly.
mesosphere- The lower part of the mantle, this part of the earth extends from the bottom of the asthenosphere to the core.
outer core- The core is two parts, this layer of the core is liquid and surrounds the inner core.
inner core- This part of the core is solid and dense, this is about 6,380 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface.
tectonic plates- "A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the ridged, outermost part of the mantle."earth science book page 194
Section 2
-continental drift- The hypothesis that says that the continents were once a single island, seperated, then moved to where they are today. The one piece of land there might have once been was called pangea.
-sea-floor spreading- The process where a new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and hardens
-As tectonic plates move away from each other the sea floor moves and magma fills up the space. That is sea-floor spreading.
Section 3
-plate tectonics- Theory that explains how big pieces of earth on the crust called tectonic plates that are moving away from one another.
-convergent boundary- boundary formed when when two lithospheric plates collide.
-divergent boundary- boundary between two tectonic plates moving away from each other.
-transform boundary-boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving side by side sliding past each other.
-GPS- global positioning system.
Section 4
-compression-Stress that happens when forces squeeze something
-When compression happens at a convergent boundary large mountains can form
-tension- Stress that happens when forces stretch something
-Tension occurs at divergent plate boundaries, like mid-ocean ridges
-folding- bending of rock layers from stress.
-when scientists see folding then know that deformation has taken place.
-fault-break in a rock where one block slides relative to one another.
-uplift- Rising of regions of the earths crust to a higher region.
-subsidence- The sinking of regions of the Earths crusts to lower places.
crust-"The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle" earth science book page 191
mantle-" The layer of rock between th earths crust and core."earth science book page 191
- The mantle is much thicker than the crust and has most of the Earths mass.
-People learn about the mantle by studying the effects it has on the Earths surface. It allows scientists to study it directly
-They mostly learn about the mantle from the ocean floor.
core- the main part of Earth right below the mantle
- The core is a layer of the earth that extends from below the center of the earth.
-Many scientists think the core is made mostly of iron.
-The core takes up roughly one third of the Earths mass.
-The Earth is divided into 5 layers-lithosphere,asthenosphere,mesosphere,outer core, and inner core.
lithosphere- This is made up of two parts-the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The pieces are called tectonics plates.
asthenosphere- The plastic layer of the mantle where pieces of the lithosphere move. This part of the earth is solid rock that moves VERY slowly.
mesosphere- The lower part of the mantle, this part of the earth extends from the bottom of the asthenosphere to the core.
outer core- The core is two parts, this layer of the core is liquid and surrounds the inner core.
inner core- This part of the core is solid and dense, this is about 6,380 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface.
tectonic plates- "A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the ridged, outermost part of the mantle."earth science book page 194
Section 2
-continental drift- The hypothesis that says that the continents were once a single island, seperated, then moved to where they are today. The one piece of land there might have once been was called pangea.
-sea-floor spreading- The process where a new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and hardens
-As tectonic plates move away from each other the sea floor moves and magma fills up the space. That is sea-floor spreading.
Section 3
-plate tectonics- Theory that explains how big pieces of earth on the crust called tectonic plates that are moving away from one another.
-convergent boundary- boundary formed when when two lithospheric plates collide.
-divergent boundary- boundary between two tectonic plates moving away from each other.
-transform boundary-boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving side by side sliding past each other.
-GPS- global positioning system.
Section 4
-compression-Stress that happens when forces squeeze something
-When compression happens at a convergent boundary large mountains can form
-tension- Stress that happens when forces stretch something
-Tension occurs at divergent plate boundaries, like mid-ocean ridges
-folding- bending of rock layers from stress.
-when scientists see folding then know that deformation has taken place.
-fault-break in a rock where one block slides relative to one another.
-uplift- Rising of regions of the earths crust to a higher region.
-subsidence- The sinking of regions of the Earths crusts to lower places.